1618 Beginning of 30 Years War
1628 English curtail King's powers
1640 Portugal gains independence/Spain
1642 Civil war England/Scotland/Ireland
1580 Drake completes voyage around world
1582 New Gregorian calendar introduced
1588 English defeat the Spanish Armada
1611 Authorized English Bible published
1512 Michelangelo paints Sistine Chapel
1534 Henry VIII controls English church
1538 Cortes conquers Mexico
1547 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia
